Through the Ocean to the Mantle: Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas with a Fleet of Floating Seismic Robots

Chasing Helium: Mantle-to-Surface Connections to Water Quality and Geomicrobiology

The discovery of oceanic black (and white) smokers revolutionized our understanding of mid-ocean ridges and led to the recognition of new organisms and ecosystems resulting from mixing of fluids. Continental smokers, defined here to include a broad range of carbonic springs, hot springs, and fumaroles that vent mantle-derived fluids in continental settings, exhibit many of the same processes of heat and mass transfer and ecosystem niche differentiation.